Saturday, 28 April 2018

An analysis of my swiftwater rescue personal floation device (PFD's).

Swiftwater season has arrived and it is time to make sure my gear is more than ready.
This year I have decided to switch to start utilizing a new PFD from Northwater.  It is essentially the same as my older rescue PFD but is slightly different.  One noteable difference it hasn't been used ever.  My older PFD has had a lot of use on a lot of rivers and been in a lot of swims.  I almost think it is lucky and am a bit hesitant to change it out.

At times, it is nice to have a lot of floatation, so possibly switching to use a new PFD after 7 seasons of use might be a good idea.  I have read a few articles where some serious whitewater junkies changeout there pfd's every year.  I think Mark Cramer may of mentioned that in an article.  You can always learn from somebody who does that much whitewater.  Read more about it at;
http://paddlinglife.net/2008/04/02/user-mark-cramer/ and also this is a good article;
https://www.canoekayak.com/inflatables/legends-of-rafting-mark-cramer/

There is a warning on PFD's that they may lose floatation over time.

The US Coast Guard specifies that a PFD must have a minimum of 15.5 pounds of floatation in an adult pfd.  Most adults in a bathing suit need seven to 12 pounds of extra floatation to keep their head out of water.  Remember that muscle is heavier than fat and the more muscle you have the more floatation you will need.  There is some physics behind this and you can read more about that by researching the Archimedes Principle.
A body partially or completely submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This means someone immersed in water is "buoyed" upward by a force equal to the weight of the volume of water that their body takes up (displaces). Gravity pulls a person's body downward by a force equal to their weight. The difference between these forces is a person's net buoyancy. A PFD is very lightweight, but displaces enough water to make the PFD and the person wearing it very buoyant. It also follows that the people hardest to float are those with compact, dense bodies. These tend to be people with athletic body builds, with a lot of bone and muscle mass, and not much fat. Fat is not as dense as muscle and bone, so people who are overweight can actually be easier to float than someone who is much smaller and leaner. Heavy people do not need a higher buoyancy PFD because of their weight.

So to calculate how much floatation you may need you need to figure out a few variables;
1) Water density is affected by temperature.  Its more dense when cold.  62.40lbs at 26F.
2) Calculate your volume.  density = mass / volume.  volume = mass / density.

Anyway, I weighed the PFD - empty - without any added accessories and then the accessories and came up with the following weights;




So it looks like I am adding about 7.25lbs of gear to my PFD and the drysuit adds about 6.1lbs of weight on top of that.
Northwater has two types of PFD's. One has additional floatation to handle the increased weight of accessories worn on your belt.  For a small person that adds about 8lbs of floatation and for a large person it may be an extra 5 lbs of floatation.






I would prefer the extra floatation.  Might come in handy if you are caught in a hole. 



Of course your best bet when in a hole is to swim out of it by swimming to the side or the bottom.
Floatation in this situation can be both a benefit and a detriment.

The following picture shows two pfd's.  According to the specs I believe that one probably has 25lbs of floatation while the other claims 30lbs of floatation.



One is a System 30 as shown on the label.


The only real way to know is to test these pfd's for floatation.


Saturday, 7 April 2018

A compilation of crash maps from all over the world

I was wondering how many public crash maps out there since it is so hard to see one for British Columbia and Canada.  The data is not open like it is in other countries.  Anyway, here is a list;

United Kingdom:  http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-15975720
                      or     http://crashmap.com/Search

USA:             https://cdan.nhtsa.gov/GISMaps/STSI_MAP_Mobile.htm?1&USA&VAR1=1&41&-99&34,439&32,539&30,056&5

Jamaica:  http://traffic-crashmap.monagis.com/

Michigan:  Michigan tells you how to create your own crash map
                   www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/TrafficCrashMapInstructions_530358_7.PDF
                  When you generate the map you can even click on the accident and see the police
                  report (less any personal information).

Virginia:  https://www.treds.virginia.gov/Mapping/Map/CrashesByJurisdiction

New Mexico: http://tru.unm.edu/Crash-Maps/Multi-Year-Maps/index.html

Alberta:  Highway 881 and 63.  An interactive story about the accidents on these highways.  A very impresive website.  https://fatalities.safer63and881.com/

Edmonton:  Can't find a interactive map but lots of reports at; https://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/traffic_safety/motor-vehicle-collisions.aspx


Maybe talking to people attending this conference about creating a public facing crashmap for British Columbia would be advantageous:  http://www.carsp.ca/carsp-conference/carsp-conference-2018/

A very good ESRI Story Map on Analyzing traffic accidents in space and time
http://eath.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=9a27635635c940539b96fb5ef954e4d5

British Columbia Trauma Information

I have been doing a bit of research on trauma in British Columbia and here are some findings;

A very informative document on what Trauma Services BC is.
Interesting note of how trauma victims are transported;  It would be nice to see this chart for the kootenay region.






This research document is interesting regarding how geo trauma works;
http://caep.ca/sites/caep.ca/files/caep/files/can_geo_trauma_implications.pdf

This document provides for more recent research on rural patient transport in B.C.
https://www.divisionsbc.ca/CMSMedia/WebPageRevisions/PageRev-12516/Rural%20Patient%20Transport%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf
for example:

and more information on transport studies


Thursday, 5 April 2018

British Columbia - Traffic Collision Statistics

British Columbia Traffic Collision Data Research Notes

I am doing some research into British Columbia's traffic collision data and am being enlightened to a wealth of information available from various different locations.  This blog will summarize some of that here;

A) ICBC compiles a list of summarized information and that is available at;
     
http://www.icbc.com/about-icbc/newsroom/Pages/Statistics.aspx
B) A look into where ICBC get's their data reveals a couple of places;
     - The BC Gov Collision Information System
     - The Police Traffic Accident System.  The data from this is possibly available from;
        https://www.injuryresearch.bc.ca/idot/traffic-accident-system/
C) A lot of information is available at;
     https://www.injuryresearch.bc.ca/resources/injury-data-online-tool-idot/
D) Information on research via JIBC
     http://www.jibc.ca/research
E) If you want to view collision information in Surrey you can just use their map
F) The Canada National Collision Database has the information but is missing location.
     http://wwwapps2.tc.gc.ca/saf-sec-sur/7/ncdb-bndc/p.aspx?l=en
G) The USA has lots of information available.  E.g.
      https://cdan.nhtsa.gov/stsi.htm